一：特殊句子結構

1.as...as...引導的比較級：

      (1)“as +形容詞或副詞原級+as+被比較對象”結構。

      (2)在否定句或疑問句中可用 not so…as….

2.only 引導的倒裝句型：only +狀語 (或狀語從句)位于句首時，句子部分倒裝。

3.wish 引導的虛擬語氣：wish 后面的從句，當表示與事實相反的情況，或表示將來不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望時，其賓語從句的動詞形式為：

      ⑴表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句動詞用過去式表示，be 的過去式用 were.

      ⑵表示對過去情況的虛擬：從句動詞用 had +過去分詞。

      ⑶表示對將來的主觀愿望：謂語動詞形式為“would/ should/ could/ might +動詞原形”。在這種情況下，主句的主語與從句的主語不能相同，因為主句的主語所期望的從句動作能否實現(xiàn)，取決于從句主語的態(tài)度或意愿(非動作名詞除外) 。

4.it 形式賓語：和 it 作形式主語一樣, 我們常用 it 來作形式賓語, 把真正的賓語從句放在句末, 這種情況尤其出現(xiàn)在帶復合賓語的句子中。

5.The+比較級，the+比較級表示“越......越......”。

6. 賓語從句：一般疑問句做賓語，用 if 或 whether

7. 原因狀語從句：since 引導的例句：Don’t eat too much sugar since it is bad foryour health.

8. 否定詞前置倒裝：scarcely/hardly...when...; no sooner…than…例句：Scarcely had he arrived at home when it began to rain.

9. If 虛擬條件句

①對過去事實進行虛擬的時候，if 條件句和主句的構成為：If+主語+had done，主語+would/could/should/might have done sth

      eg. If I had worked hard enough in high school, I would have been admitted to a keyuniversity 重點大學.

②對現(xiàn)在事實進行虛擬的時候，if 條件句和主句的構成為：If+主語+did/were, 主語+would/could/should/might do sth

      eg. If I were you, I would choose to learn French.

③ 對將來事實進行虛擬的時候，if 條件句和主句的構成為：If+did（were）/were to do/should do, 主語+would/could/should/might do sth

      eg. If I had time tomorrow, I would certainly help you.

10. 賓語從句: 從句在句子中作賓語: 動賓/介賓

      Grandpa said that you should spend 100 million in a month.

二．Should+動詞原形

      其后的賓語從句及以其同根名詞(suggestion ,advice, proposal, requirement)引導的主語，表語，同位語從句中用(should)+動詞原形。

      He suggested that we (should) go home earlier.

三．類似 if 型

1. wish/as if/as though/ if only/would rather that …

      e.g. I wish I was 30 years younger.

2.介詞短語引導的虛擬語氣

      e.g. If you had not helped us, we would not have made....

四：謂語動詞

      1.行為動詞/實意動詞：eat, sleep, clean, Stay（可以單獨做謂語，用副詞修飾）

      2.連系動詞：be, get, become (不能單獨做謂語，其后成分稱為表語)

      3.情態(tài)動詞：can, could, will (不能單獨做謂語，后接動詞原型)

      4.助動詞：do/have 的各種形式，幫助完成時態(tài)與語氣的動詞，不能單獨做謂語。

非謂語動詞

      1.不定式：to do（除了不能做謂語，其他成分都能做）

      2.分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞：Ving（表主動與進行），過去分詞：(表被動與狀態(tài))

      3.動名詞：Ving 英語一句話只能有一個主謂結構如果出現(xiàn)更多動詞：加連詞（and/ but / so…）放入從句變?yōu)榉侵^語動詞

1) Grace finished her dinner at restaurant

2) attended the local dancing party.

      （一）．加入連詞Grace had finished dinner at restaurant, and she attended the local dancing party later.

      （二） ． 放 入 從 句The moment /when Grace had finished dinner at restaurant, she attended the local dancing party later.

      （三）.變?yōu)榉侵^語動詞Grace finished her dinner quickly to attend the local dancing party.

五：時態(tài)與語態(tài)考點剖析

一般現(xiàn)在時

考點一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時，

      如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.

考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時；常用的引導詞有：until /when/ before/as soon as /the moment/if/unless

      I will not attend the conference if it rains tomorrow.

現(xiàn)在完成時

      表示動作發(fā)生在過去，完成在過去，但強調與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結果或者影響仍然存在。有標志性的時間狀語；

      He has opened the door.

考點一：for +時間段；since+時間，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時so far , up to now, until now

      They have lived in Beijing for five years.

考點二：常見的不確定的時間狀語：lately, recently ,already , yet, so far，up till now

      Has it stopped raining yet?

考點三：表示”第幾次做某事“或者”it is（最高級）

      the best (worst, most interesting)，

主句用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時。

       This is the first time that I have visited China.

過去完成時

      表示過去某個時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，即發(fā)生在過去的過去。

      There had been 25 parks in the city up till 2000.

考點一：用于 hardly/ scarcely/ barely /rarely … when..; no sooner … than....句型中，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時

      I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.

考點二：表示第幾次做某事/最高級，主句用過去式，從句用過去完成時。

       That was the second time that she had seen her grandpa .

考點三：用于 by +過去時間段

      She had learned 3 different languages by the end of 2009.

     將來完成時（will have done）表將來某時刻之前已完成的事情，時間狀語非常明顯。

考點一： by +將來時間段

      By next Friday, I will have got ready for the exam.

一般過去時

      表過去某個特定時間發(fā)生且完成的動作，或過去習慣性動作，不強調對現(xiàn)在的影響。

考點一：used to do 過去常常做某事 He used to smoke a lot.

      Be used to doing sth 習慣于做某事 He is used to getting up early.

進行時態(tài)

考點二：表示某個具體時間點在干什么，常常有具體的時間詞，如 at 10 o‘clock，at that moment 等。

      He was doing homework at 9 o ’ clock yesterday evening.

考點三：趨向性動詞或瞬間動詞常用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來，如：go, come, leave, start等

      I am coming. (馬上來了)

      He is leaving Chongqing on Friday. (他星期五離開重慶)

      He is leaving for Chongqing on Friday.（他星期五要來重慶）

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