專升本英語考試句子結(jié)構(gòu)知識點(diǎn)整理
2022-01-28點(diǎn)擊量:286
一:特殊句子結(jié)構(gòu)1.as...as...引導(dǎo)的比較級:(1)“as+形容詞或副詞原級+as+被比較對象”結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)在否定句或疑問句中可用notso…as….2.only引導(dǎo)的倒裝句型:only+狀語(或狀語從句)位于句首時(shí),句子部分倒裝。3.wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣:wish后面的從句,當(dāng)表示與事實(shí)相反的情況,或表示將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí),其賓語從句的動詞形式為:⑴表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:從句動詞用過去式表示,be的過去式用were.⑵表示對過去情況的虛擬:從句動詞用had+過去分詞。⑶表示對將來的主觀愿望:謂語動詞形式為“would/should/could/might+動詞原形”。在這種情況下,主句的主語與從句的主語不能相同,因?yàn)橹骶涞闹髡Z所期望的從句動作能否實(shí)現(xiàn),取決于從句主語的態(tài)度或意愿(非動作名詞除外)。4.it形式賓語:和it作形式主語一樣,我們常用it來作形式賓語,把真正的賓語從句放在句末,這種情況尤其出現(xiàn)在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。5.The+比較級,the+比較級表示“越......越......”。6.賓語從句:一般疑問句做賓語,用if或whether7.原因狀語從句:since引導(dǎo)的例句:Don’teattoomuchsugarsinceitisbadforyourhealth.8.否定詞前置倒裝:scarcely/hardly...when...;nosooner…than…例句:Scarcelyhadhearrivedathomewhenitbegantorain.9.If虛擬條件句①對過去事實(shí)進(jìn)行虛擬的時(shí)候,if條件句和主句的構(gòu)成為:If+主語+haddone,主語+would/could/should/mighthavedonestheg.IfIhadworkedhardenoughinhighschool,Iwouldhavebeenadmittedtoakeyuniversity重點(diǎn)大學(xué).②對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)進(jìn)行虛擬的時(shí)候,if條件句和主句的構(gòu)成為:If+主語+did/were,主語+would/could/should/mightdostheg.IfIwereyou,IwouldchoosetolearnFrench.③對將來事實(shí)進(jìn)行虛擬的時(shí)候,if條件句和主句的構(gòu)成為:If+did(were)/weretodo/shoulddo,主語+would/could/should/mightdostheg.IfIhadtimetomorrow,Iwouldcertainlyhelpyou.10.賓語從句:從句在句子中作賓語:動賓/介賓Grandpasaidthatyoushouldspend100millioninamonth.二.Should+動詞原形其后的賓語從句及以其同根名詞(suggestion,advice,proposal,requirement)引導(dǎo)的主語,表語,同位語從句中用(should)+動詞原形。Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gohomeearlier.三.類似if型1.wish/asif/asthough/ifonly/wouldratherthat…e.g.IwishIwas30yearsyounger.2.介詞短語引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣e.g.Ifyouhadnothelpedus,wewouldnothavemade....四:謂語動詞1.行為動詞/實(shí)意動詞:eat,sleep,clean,Stay(可以單獨(dú)做謂語,用副詞修飾)2.連系動詞:be,get,become(不能單獨(dú)做謂語,其后成分稱為表語)3.情態(tài)動詞:can,could,will(不能單獨(dú)做謂語,后接動詞原型)4.助動詞:do/have的各種形式,幫助完成時(shí)態(tài)與語氣的動詞,不能單獨(dú)做謂語。非謂語動詞1.不定式:todo(除了不能做謂語,其他成分都能做)2.分詞:現(xiàn)在分詞:Ving(表主動與進(jìn)行),過去分詞:(表被動與狀態(tài))3.動名詞:Ving英語一句話只能有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)如果出現(xiàn)更多動詞:加連詞(and/but/so…)放入從句變?yōu)榉侵^語動詞1)Gracefinishedherdinneratrestaurant2)attendedthelocaldancingparty.(一).加入連詞Gracehadfinisheddinneratrestaurant,andsheattendedthelocaldancingpartylater.(二).放入從句Themoment/whenGracehadfinisheddinneratrestaurant,sheattendedthelocaldancingpartylater.(三).變?yōu)榉侵^語動詞Gracefinishedherdinnerquicklytoattendthelocaldancingparty.五:時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)考點(diǎn)剖析一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考點(diǎn)一:表示永恒的真理,即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中,仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),如:IlearnedthattheearthgoesaroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.考點(diǎn)二:在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí);常用的引導(dǎo)詞有:until/when/before/assoonas/themoment/if/unlessIwillnotattendtheconferenceifitrainstomorrow.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動作發(fā)生在過去,完成在過去,但強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系,其結(jié)果或者影響仍然存在。有標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語;Hehasopenedthedoor.考點(diǎn)一:for+時(shí)間段;since+時(shí)間,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)sofar,uptonow,untilnowTheyhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears.考點(diǎn)二:常見的不確定的時(shí)間狀語:lately,recently,already,yet,sofar,uptillnowHasitstoppedrainingyet?考點(diǎn)三:表示”第幾次做某事“或者”itis(最高級)thebest(worst,mostinteresting),主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.過去完成時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作,即發(fā)生在過去的過去。Therehadbeen25parksinthecityuptill2000.考點(diǎn)一:用于hardly/scarcely/barely/rarely…when..;nosooner…than....句型中,主句用過去完成時(shí),從句用一般過去時(shí)Ihadhardlyfinishedmyworkwhenhecametoseeme.考點(diǎn)二:表示第幾次做某事/最高級,主句用過去式,從句用過去完成時(shí)。Thatwasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandpa.考點(diǎn)三:用于by+過去時(shí)間段Shehadlearned3differentlanguagesbytheendof2009.將來完成時(shí)(willhavedone)表將來某時(shí)刻之前已完成的事情,時(shí)間狀語非常明顯。考點(diǎn)一:by+將來時(shí)間段BynextFriday,Iwillhavegotreadyfortheexam.一般過去時(shí)表過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動作,或過去習(xí)慣性動作,不強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響。考點(diǎn)一:usedtodo過去常常做某事Heusedtosmokealot.Beusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣于做某事Heisusedtogettingupearly.進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)二:表示某個(gè)具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)在干什么,常常有具體的時(shí)間詞,如at10o‘clock,atthatmoment等。Hewasdoinghomeworkat9o’clockyesterdayevening.考點(diǎn)三:趨向性動詞或瞬間動詞常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來,如:go,come,leave,start等Iamcoming.(馬上來了)HeisleavingChongqingonFriday.(他星期五離開重慶)HeisleavingforChongqingonFriday.(他星期五要來重慶)...